Orthopaedic Nurses Certification Board (ONCB) Metabolic/Inflammatory/Tumors Practice Exam

Which condition is most likely to contribute to the development of osteoporosis in women?

1. Hypertension

2. Hyperlipidemia

3. Anorexia nervosa

4. Sleep apnea

The correct answer is: Anorexia nervosa

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures. It is particularly prevalent in women, especially post-menopause, due to hormonal changes that affect bone density. Anorexia nervosa is the most likely contributor to the development of osteoporosis among the options provided. This eating disorder is characterized by an extreme restriction of calorie intake and an intense fear of gaining weight, often leading to malnutrition. In women, this malnutrition can result in significant hormonal imbalances, particularly reduced estrogen levels, which are crucial for the maintenance of bone density. The lack of adequate nutrition, specifically a deficiency in calcium and vitamin D, also directly affects bone health and can accelerate bone loss. In contrast, conditions such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and sleep apnea are not directly linked to the mechanisms that promote bone density loss to the same extent. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia primarily affect cardiovascular health and do not directly impact bone metabolism. Sleep apnea is associated with various health risks but is less significantly related to the pathways that lead to osteoporosis. Therefore, the relationship between inadequate nutrition and hormonal balance in anorexia nervosa is why this condition is the most significant risk factor for osteoporosis in women.