Orthopaedic Nurses Certification Board (ONCB) Metabolic/Inflammatory/Tumors Practice Exam

What chronic condition is a recognized risk factor for the development of osteoporosis?

1. History of thyroid disease

2. Onset of menarche at age 11

3. History of obesity

4. Onset of menopause at age 58

The correct answer is: History of thyroid disease

The connection between a history of thyroid disease and the development of osteoporosis lies primarily in the effects of thyroid hormones on bone metabolism. Thyroid hormones are critical regulators of bone turnover, and an excess of these hormones, as seen in conditions like hyperthyroidism, can lead to an increase in bone resorption activity. This imbalance often results in a reduction of bone density and consequently increases the risk for osteoporosis. Individuals with thyroid disorders, particularly where there is an overproduction of thyroid hormones, tend to experience accelerated bone loss, making them more susceptible to developing osteoporosis over time. In contrast, onset of menarche at age 11 is typically within the normal range of puberty for females and does not directly contribute as a risk factor for osteoporosis. Similarly, a history of obesity is not recognized as a direct risk factor; in fact, obesity may provide some degree of protection against bone loss due to increased mechanical loading on bones. Lastly, although the onset of menopause at age 58 is relatively later than average, menopause itself is a well-known risk factor for osteoporosis due to the decline in estrogen levels, but age alone without consideration of hormonal status does not automatically indicate increased risk in relation to other factors. Thus, the history of thyroid disease stands out as a well